{"id":2021,"date":"2016-01-13T07:43:11","date_gmt":"2016-01-13T07:43:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/faceng\/?page_id=2021"},"modified":"2025-12-15T09:19:10","modified_gmt":"2025-12-15T09:19:10","slug":"%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/eng.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u0628\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2021\" class=\"elementor elementor-2021\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8bd355 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b8bd355\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3450325 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3450325\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d57601 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1d57601\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c5432 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"28c5432\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"42751026\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-427510261\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-427510261\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-427510262\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-427510262\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-427510263\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-427510263\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-427510264\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-427510264\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-427510265\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-427510265\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-427510266\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-427510266\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 6;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-427510267\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"7\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-427510267\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 7;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-427510261\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-427510261\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-fc8610e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fc8610e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f72f6a0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f72f6a0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86c6df9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"86c6df9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56ed69d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"56ed69d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dbb9f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9dbb9f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0631\u0642\u0645 324 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2007\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0631\u0642\u0645 259 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 9\/2\/2009 \u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0649 2008-2009 \u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0649 2012-2013 \u0645.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-427510262\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-427510262\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-030e82c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"030e82c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cbe775 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3cbe775\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5385a6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5385a6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02d110d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"02d110d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e30973 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9e30973\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-427510263\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-427510263\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-9bda669 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9bda669\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a72eac e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4a72eac\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff37af4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff37af4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab0a8f3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ab0a8f3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-903bfbb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"903bfbb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0629\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u00a0\u0648\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-427510264\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-427510264\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-a8afd9a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a8afd9a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c459a84 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c459a84\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e52c60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6e52c60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bf0bb6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1bf0bb6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa20bd1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fa20bd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>1- \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<br \/>2- \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<br \/>3- \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<br \/>4 \u2013\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646.<br \/>5- \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<br \/>6- \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644.<br \/>7 \u2013\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642<br \/>8-\u0625\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-427510265\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-427510265\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-8b25167 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8b25167\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0d266a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b0d266a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1453b05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1453b05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-563131e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"563131e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9b2891 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c9b2891\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-content\"><p dir=\"RTL\">1 \u2013 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p dir=\"RTL\">2- \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f.<\/p><p dir=\"RTL\">3- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p><p dir=\"RTL\">4- \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c .<\/p><p dir=\"RTL\">5- \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p><p dir=\"RTL\">7- \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p dir=\"RTL\">8- \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u2013\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u2013\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0634\u0627\u0628).<\/p><p dir=\"RTL\">9- \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-427510266\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-427510266\" data-tab-index=\"6\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 6;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-c2e73cb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c2e73cb\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4fbc80 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a4fbc80\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33f1bca elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"33f1bca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1752990 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1752990\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235ac60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235ac60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/eng.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/200\u00d7250-1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13571 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/eng.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/200\u00d7250-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"174\" height=\"218\" data-id=\"13571\" \/><\/a><\/p><p>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2008 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647 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